What does 'Freedom Of The Press' Mean To what extent does it exist in Essay

What does 'Freedom Of The Press' Mean To what extent does it exist in Modern Britain - Essay Example ress freedom surveys, made no mention of it in its constitution whilst North Korea, which does, often ranked the last in such surveys (Press Freedom Index 2010; Freedom of the Press 2010). Press freedom is often equated with democratic societies, but Noam Chomsky believes that there are â€Å"two different conceptions of democracy,† each shaping their own brand of press freedom. The first is participatory democracy where citizens are involved in the workings of the state and thus, communication channels are necessarily kept free and open. However, its antithesis – the non-participatory democracy – keeps people off the business of government affairs and thus, information and communication are controlled by the state. Chomsky believes that the second kind is most prevalent today (Chomsky 2002 pp. 6-7). Chomsky points out the US as a perfect example of the second type. President Wilson, for example, created the Creel Commission to oversee the government’s pro paganda machinery and turn a generally pacifist public into a war-hungry, anti-German fanatics so the US government would be free to join the war unopposed. The same technique was used to whip up the public to a state of red scare so that it would be supportive of the government’s programs of eliminating unions and restricting press and political freedoms. An underlying rationale for â€Å"manufacturing consent† was the notion that the average man cannot fully grasp the intricacies of common political and social interests and thus, his thoughts must be directed. Only the intellectual elite can comprehend them and it must act to bring public opinion towards their fulfillment even if it entails deceiving them. In such types of democracies, press freedom becomes a casualty of the manipulative intellectuals (Chomsky...Even the collapsed Soviet Union guaranteed press freedom in its constitution but it was common knowledge that its press published only what the government wa nted the public to read. An even glaring example is the manipulation of public opinion through the use of propaganda machinery by some of the perceived freest countries in the world for the purpose of legitimising their social and political agenda with the least opposition. Moreover, the history of press freedom shows that it always entails a form of struggle between the system and the press. The UK is no exception. The history of press freedom in the country is checkered with the Church and the Crown alternatively suppressing it in the name of religion or the King. Even in contemporary times, when the country is considered one of the freest democracies in the world, the complete exercise of press freedom is hindered by legislations or policies that lean more towards the promotion of other interests. The often underpinning rationale for the obstacles of press freedom is the ever-present contending interests between the private and the public and between the government. Even in the f reest of nations, press freedom surrenders a part of it to conflicting interests that are at play in the social, legal and political make-up of the state. Absolute press freedom, therefore, is almost always non-existent; only diluted and compromised press freedom.

Computer Hardware, Systems Software & Networking Essay

Computer Hardware, Systems Software & Networking - Essay Example U) and its associated registers that hold the data that is being operated upon and a memory area referred to as Random access memory (RAM) in which any memory location can be read or written upon. The CPU is capable of differentiating the type of content that is stored in memory i.e. whether they are instructions or data. Schematic presentation of the sequential architecture can be exhibited by the figure on the left. A raster graphic is created by combining many small points of information. An easy way to think of a raster graphic is to picture an image in a comic book that is made up of many small dots of color. Depending on the number of dots, the quality of the picture is determined. The raster graphic arrangement can also be referred to as an arrangement of an array of pixels that combine to display an image. A vector graphic is also a picture but the information is communicated in another way. To use another childish example, a vector graphic is like a dot-to-dot. It uses geometrical primitives such points, lines, curves and shapes or polygons which are all based on mathematical equations to represent images. Thus, it has important points that determine what the picture will look like. In Flash, we create vector graphics when we turn pictures into symbols. Since the computer only has to store the information about the key points in the graphic, the size of these images is much smaller than that of a raster graphic which stores information about each individual point. For conversion to Hexa decimal we have to make groups of 4 digits. For integer portion the orientation is right to left with padded zeros on the left most sides. For fractional portion the orientation of grouping is reversed ie from right to left considering point (.) as origin. The chart is given as reference. 6. Reduced instruction set computers provide a large number of general-purpose registers and very few memory access instructions. Most instructions use registers instead of