Strategic Marketing Plan for Marina Bay Sands Hotel

Strategic Marketing Plan for Marina Bay Sands Hotel Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Marketing Plan for Marina Bay Sands Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Executive Summary This report analyses and presents the â€Å"Strategic Marketing Plan† for â€Å"Marina Bay Sands† Hotel. This is a five-star inn located in Singapore, which has excellent leisure facilities, fashionable architecture, and offers first-rate MICE services to clients. The report highlights the overall company history in terms of hotel description, its location, services offered, its clients, owners, and basic formation. The company’s market share and revenue is analyzed, with the significant effect of global economic crunch noted. This has affected the market capitalization over time from 2007 value of $49 billion; $140.00 per share to nearly $3 billion in 2008. There is a brief description of organizational structure and working systems within Marina, this include s the statement of the mission of the organization. Concurrently, PESTLE analysis describes the exterior influences on the industry. An analysis of each factor is evident thus demonstrating the current position of the organization. Market analysis shows that Marina enjoys a strategic location in Singapore, South East Asia with a large customer base. Competition is not as stiff as only one rival, GMB exist in the region. There is an analysis of the four P’s in relation to the business. Noticeably, a SWOT analysis indicates that the organization has more potency and opportunities than the limitations and threats. An outline of recommendations for future methodologies and approaches to marketing is evident in the final part of the report on the firm. Introduction Strategic Marketing Plan This is a vital concept in all business organizations as it forms the root for successful service launch and market performance. Macdonald (2008, p 25) argues that marketing planning helps busin esses to scrutinize and direct the range of interior and peripheral influences on its competency to accomplish lucrative sales, and goals.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to him, planning of the marketing undertakings with inclusion of all the business activities is necessary for potential growth and service to customers. This novel approach enables corporate to gain profit, which is the universal yardstick for gauging efficiency while also satisfying customer desires. Marketing strategies in any business outline become the working targets in the marketing unit (Macdonald 2008, p 26). Williams Leech (2004, P 64) indicates that marketing plan is a representation of outcome of strategy development, setting objectives, and shaping the P’s. That though there may be variances in the structure, the plan mostly consists of the management summary, market situation, â€Å"SWOT and PESTLE† analysis, and marketing objectives. With globalization, the increased interests in hospitality sector require organizations that have sound marketing plans if they are to realize profitability and provide adequate services to the beneficiaries. General Company Background Hotel Description This is Asias fabulous trade and holiday destination, has about 2,500 accommodation and suites, â€Å"state-of-the-art† caucus and exposition amenities, theaters, first-rate casino, leisure and top shopping or dining within Singapore. It is a unification of three deluxe hotels coupled by gorgeous sky patio and Sands SkyPark. Established by the famous gaming corporation, â€Å"Las Vegas Sands,† Marina provides console and bliss for all clients. It offers excellent gaming, noble-concept bars; trendy clubs and delicious meals. In a featured article, Ballinger (2010) observes that it also embodies of three high rise storey commissioned in 2010, wi th 1-hectare crown Sky Park eliciting 360-degree appearance to Nation’s skyline and showing marvelously sculptured precincts, cafeterias and a swimming puddle. The Market Share and Revenue There are estimations that over 90% of the greater â€Å"Las Vegas Sands† is under the ownership of inside members, the current CEO with an approximate of 65%. According to Cohen (2010), MBS has recorded over double in net revenue, say US$485.9 M up from US$216.4 M in subsequent quarter with only 65 days functionality upon its April pliable commissioning.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Marketing Plan for Marina Bay Sands Hotel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Income prior to interest, levy, depreciation, and paying off rose up to US$241.6M whereas EBITDA margin escalating to 49.7% from 43.7%. Global fiscal slump has currently affected the marketplace capitalization over time from 2007 value of $49 billion ; $140.00 per share to nearly $3 billion in 2008. It has over time experienced financial crunches, with Sheldon persistently intervening to correct the anomalies. There has however never been a presentable long-term fiscal performance analysis since the hotel came into full fledge operation just i8n recent times. As indicated by Cohen (2010), the hotel performance over short period of operation, is progressive and has added additional upscale value to the Singapore’s hospitality market index and rating. Sheldon Adelson indicates in the â€Å"LVS annual report† (2010) that MBS hotel increases trade and leisure in Singapore and the greater South Asia. He further indicates that the hotel has realized approximately $1 billion attuned property EBITDA in the initial one year of business, which is a tremendous and historical record. Employees and Business Structure The â€Å"Las Vegas Sands Corp.† is involved in the tenure and supervision of this hotel. It has other in tegrated vacation conveniences spread worldwide. As indicated in the â€Å"LVS annual report† (2010, p 21) the company directly employs about 34,000 workers apart from temporarily hired ones on need-based concept. Mutual bargaining treaties do not exist for the Marina hotel employees. In this report, the corporation again indicates that the employees are gratis to engage in labor unions and this shall not affect its fiscal outputs. The business is under ownership of many, with Adelson Sheldon having almost the largest allocate in capital. Several workers help in running business. The hotel is a constituent of the larger â€Å"Las Vegas Corp† and is managed at peak by a sitting executive committee chairing all the LVS initiatives. Regional management in Singapore is responsible for routing the company’s mission and policies in the hotel.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from rest of implementing employees like culinary staff, there exist peak, central level, and line managers with a variety of departments coordinated by the overall manager for hotel’s efficiency. The HR indicates in an interview featured in â€Å"The Pulse, Issue7† (2009, p 3) that MBS hotel has dedication to mentoring and training its employees. That there is broad leadership and unit definite training and instruction in existing organization levels. There is again commitment to edifying a culture of general reverence and support to enhance teamwork. Mission and Vision Statement and/or corporate values In the pulse (2009, p 2), president of MBS redefines the companies mission and vision. The vision is â€Å"We create once- in- a- lifetime encounters every day.† The mission â€Å"We are devoted to turning MBS the globe’s most outstanding destination for leisure, shopping, and business.† From these, we see a resolute hospitality empire with g reat dedication to service delivery and satisfaction. The above values symbolize the hotel’s culture and core fundamental principles that guide service provision to all clients. Olsen Zhao (p 4) in reporting â€Å"Travel and Tourism Intelligence’s† 2001 study states that corporate values are the founding stones for branding; an aspect becoming increasingly vital by generating higher market share. This permits hotels to indict premium rates, issue superior investor proceeds, and launch customer loyalty. Kumar (2010) also recognize that without sound corporate values, businesses in the hospitality industry are unable to set magnetic product or service brands thus cause failure in efficiency and profitability. The PESTLE analysis This refers to a methodology given application by organizations in the study of their exterior macro environment. This acronym stands for â€Å"Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental† (Doyle 2008). The re is scanning and identification of risks or environmental changes, monitoring for recognition of trends, and preparation for mitigation. As indicated in â€Å"The Pulse, Issue7† (2009) the hotel is set in a magnificent outlook, providing a dream hospitality destination for the great South Asia. As indicated in â€Å"LVS annual report† (2010), Adelson views Singapore’s exceptional transport system and immediacy to South Asian population as a business advantage. This couples with the hotel’s iconic architecture, supreme entertainment amenities, and strategic setting next to Singapore’s CBD. These factors will in future help in establishment of sustainable client base. The high rate of globalization increases demand for vacation services. As Cohen (2010) indicates, MBS has recorded over double in net returns since its April commissioning. Increasing technological advancements has enhanced online reservations, client communication, and e-finance serv ices thus uplifting hotel trade. It is evident that technology will increase the company’s performances even in the future, given daily advancements and employment of qualified technical staff. The worldwide recession grossly affected the company, lowering its marketplace share and revenue with a higher percentage. Sheldon Adelson however intervened through increasing his shares and loaning the hotel. The annual report (2010, p 9) indicates that Singapore unlike many Asian hospitality and casino markets is not dominated by junket activity. The regulations here require prospecting junket operators to pass a background audit and have license. There are comprehensive licensing necessities and frameworks, which cushion hotel operations and favor their profitability. The legitimate organism thus favors the company. Current Competitor Analysis Competition amongst resorts in the South Asia is high, especially in Singapore where other hotels apart from MBS include RWS, and Macau. RWS is 100% property of the Genting Singapore, located in Sentosa Island, and is a prime family tourist destination connected to Singapore via vehicle and pedestrian bridge. Both companies provide similar services, with RWS having the advantage of an Island location in the Sentosa. Most importantly, MBS hotel has only one competitor in Singapore. As cited in the LVS annual report (2010, p 10) hospitality activities like betting is observed through state-sanctioned licenses awarded to only two operators, of which MBS is one. There is thus restricted competition in betting. Sentosa as a major competitor in the area only began its functioning in January 2010 with six hotels, about 1800 rooms, â€Å"Universal Studios theme park,† Marine Park, and few others. MBS being one of the LVS hospitality enjoys extensive market exposure than its competitors. Genting chairperson, Lim Kok expected an annual turnout of 13 million clients in the first period of work. Other facilities in Sentosa i nclude Maritime Experiential Museum, conventions or exhibitions conveniences, restaurants, and trade shop. It contains approximately 470 betting tables, 500 electronic gaming tables, and 1200 slots. These are far less considering the diverse services existing at the MBS hotel. Their capital base is also limited unlike MBS, which is not purely under singular ownership thus draws large capital from varied sources. The leading shareholder here is the Adelson, who happens to be the Chair and treasurer of MBS. The competitor has recently not introduced any new services. The plush facilities including swimming pool and first-rate services offered under the three-storey roof empire places MBS hotel far ahead of its rival. Current Market Analysis The hotel faces only one competitor RWS in Singapore. Early this year, the â€Å"Chief Operating Officer† Mike Leven indicates that there is growing demand in the hotel facilities, with 80% occupancy. Entry of the MBS into the nation’ s betting sector doubled at about US$6B during 2010. The US$5.5 billion MBS received 11 million clients, having been operational for about one year. Other cited future markets as stated by chairperson Adelson include Spain and India. As stated in the 2010 annual report, advertisement is through both mass and print media, and internet. The hotel marketing department participates in unswerving marketing as permitted in diverse geographic locations; these may be through top slot and chart games markets. According to this report, the hotel enjoys the Singapore market, which has advanced fiscal and transportation network in the S. E Asia locality. This is a place for both trade and vacation. There are further indications that the STB had 11.6 million international guests in 2010, an elevation of 20% unlike 2009 (LVS annual report 2010, p 9). The total mean duration of visit by tourists in Singapore as estimated by STB was 3.9 in 2010. This obvious market enables the hotel to benefit as p resently, the entire betting market has equal contributions from VIP and crowd gaming portions. Additionally, inputs from slot equipment and mass betting segment enhance early escalation of market. Major gaming patrons are from Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia. There is nonetheless, expectations of further market extensions into novel feeder markets considering the geographic placement. Cohen (2010) reports that most customers approve the first-rate services offered in this hotel. Current Marketing Mix Marketing involves the matching of an enterprise’s roles and competencies with the client’s desires to attain satisfaction on the two sides (Bowie Buttle 2004). Marketing mix embodies an array of manageable, strategic marketing concepts that a company may blend to realize the response it longs for in the targeted market. It comprises of an entirety of what an organization can do to manipulate demand for its services or products (Wood Brotherton 2008). As indicated by Reid Bojanic (2010), the set collate into the four P’s of â€Å"Product, Place, Price, and Promotion.† They further indicate that organizations are keen to manipulate these variables to develop a strategy for service or product used to found a marketing program. The hotel presents a range of services to visitors on site; the conspicuous ones include meetings and conferencing conveniences, incentives, and exhibitions (MICE). Within it, one may enjoy first-rate casino, leisure, theatre sessions, and shopping expeditions. There are fantastic views from the SkyPark space; this is home to globe’s longest swimming pool, restaurants, and twilight clubs. It offers flexible and exclusive conventions in the area. Several corporate, international, theatrics events, and state functions occur in Marina. Concierge desks services include some of the currently operational services at the expo and convention hub. This enables delegates to buy parking tickets at cheaper amounts unlike other MICE facilities. Promotion as indicated in the LVS annual report (2010, p 10) is through lots of media channels. TV, radio broadcasting, internet, newsprint, magazines, and billboards include some of the commonly used advertisement channels. There is use of direct marketing in various geographic locations, aimed at definite market segments, embodying the â€Å"premium slot and table games markets.† The hotel’s sales unit frequently organizes cocktail events as part client campaign (The pulse 2009, p 4). Targets include voyage agents, corporate regulars, and forum exhibition organizers. The location of Marina is strategic within the great South Asia. Singapore’s good transport network and financial stability is a business merit (Pulse 2009). There are transport systems from the airport designated for visitors destined to Marina. The hotel’s marvelous structural design, excellent leisure facilities, and tactical location help to attract client s. Marina has nightly charges from $237.22 to $1,166.10. There are however, varied charges depending on the type of services offered, rates try to align with those set by STB and fluctuate variably between tourist low and high peaks. The seasons affect demand for these services and gaming charges are set for dissimilar segments but not for junkets. SWOT analysis SWOTs refer to the inferences for establishing strategic marketing schemes. Organizations maximize on strong points and available opportunities within their reach and minimize their weaknesses and outdoor threats (Reid Bojanic 2010). Major strengths of Marina are its capital base so that it minimally relies on external funding, and its iconic architecture that attracts large pool of customers. It has strategic setting in Singapore, which is a vastly industrial state with great tourist attraction capacity. From the pulse (2009), it is evident that Marina hires services of qualified professionals and human resources capable o f driving its objectives to success. The Skypark provides great view of the Singapore from top. This provides an inimitable tourist attraction, which is only in Marina. The restriction of junket gaming by Singapore government makes Marina casinos to be the only outstanding betting destination apart from GMB in the SE Asia. Marina enjoys an established brand and image emerging from the mother company, â€Å"Las Vegas Corp.,† which has long developed many hospitality centers globally. Weaknesses may include constant fluctuations in trade due to varying tourism seasons. The MICE services help in reducing losses as corporate hold functions regularly throughout the year. The MICE and casino services significantly reduce overreliance on a single target group. Marina casino enjoys market opportunities due to litigation of betting by Singapore. The huge annual tourist turnout in the country and its strategic location in the South East Asia provides adequate customer base for the hote l. Threats include competition from GMB, which is also a plush hospitality center located in Sentosa Island. The casino faces competition from the backdoor betting junkets that operate illegally despite government’s stringent regulations on gaming. The current global economic slump is a major threat to the company. This may not favor quality services and expansion into novel markets. Future Marketing Strategy (Objectives/ Activities) The hotel should concentrate on varied segments in the population. There can be an espousal of different service rating mechanism for home and foreign visitors to encourage both. Thi9s will ensure service utilization by almost all segments of population, thus increasing client base and returns. Maximization of cash flow from operating assets can result through organic returns upscale and working effectiveness. Collaboration with organizations, especially tour travel bodies will help in future to attract more customers and satisfy their needs. Thi s will again expand capacity and increase competitive strength. Careful rate fixing will help the hotel to reduce loss of its customers to the competitors like GMB in the future. The company should strive to extend to new feeder markets all over the continent and establish itself as a world’s foremost hospitality service provider in five years time. This is achievable through active and noble means of capital outsourcing from IPO’s, bonds, and engaging in sustainable loaning systems. List of References Ballinger, L. (2010), Dont go off the VERY deep end Infinity pool 55 STOREYS above ground opens in Singapore in dazzling new  £4bn resort. Web. Bowie, D. Buttle, F. (2004), Hospitality Marketing: An introduction, Oxford, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Cohen, M. (2010), Singapore Casinos an Uncertain Bet. Web. Doyle, P. (2008), Value-Based Marketing: Marketing Strategies for Corporate Growth and Shareholder Value, Chichester, West Sussex, John Wiley and Sons. Kumar. ( 2010), Mktg of Hospitality Tourism Serv. New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Las Vegas Sands Corp. (2010). Annual Report; Marina Bay Sands Singapore April 2010. Web. Macdonald, M. (2008), Malcolm McDonald on Marketing Planning: UnderstandingMarketing Plans and Strategy, Philadelphia, PA, Kogan Page Publishers. Olsen, M. Zhao, J. (2008), Handbook of Hospitality Strategic Management, Massachusetts, MA, Butterworth-Heinemann. Reid, R Bojanic, D (2010), Hospitality marketing management, 5th edition, Hoboken NJ, USA Wiley Sons. The Pulse, (2009), Bigger and Bolder. Issue N. 7. Web. Williams, KS Leech, C. (2004). Creating a Customer Focus CMIOLP, Massachusetts, MA, Butterworth-Heinemann. Wood, R. Brotherton, B. (2008). The Sage handbook of hospitality management, California, CA, SAGE Publications Ltd.

3 Prominent Themes Found in William Shakespeares Othello

3 Prominent Themes Found in William Shakespeares Othello In Shakespeares Othello, themes are essential to the working of the play. The text is a rich tapestry of plot, character, poetry, and theme – elements which come together to form one of the Bards most engaging tragedies. Othello  Theme 1: Race Shakespeare’s Othello is a Moor, a black man - indeed, one of the first black heroes in English literature. The play deals with interracial marriage. Others have a problem with it, but Othello and Desdemona are happily in love. Othello holds an important position of power and influence. He has been accepted into Venetian society based on his bravery as a soldier. Iago uses Othello’s race to ridicule and belittle him, at one point calling him â€Å"thick lips†. Othello’s insecurities surrounding his race ultimately lead to his belief that Desdemona is having an affair. As a black man, he doesn’t feel he is worthy of his wife’s attention or that he has been embraced by Venetian society. Indeed, Brabanzio is unhappy about his daughter’s choice of suitor, due to his race. He is quite happy to have Othello regale stories of bravery to him but when it comes to his daughter, Othello is not good enough. Brabanzio is convinced that Othello has used trickery to get Desdemona to marry him: â€Å"O thou damned thief, where hast thou stowed my daughter? Damned as thou art, thou hast enchanted her, For I’ll refer me to all things of sense, If she in chains of magic were not bound, Whether a maid so tender, fair, and happy, So opposite to marriage that she shunned The wealthy curled darlings of our nation, Would ever have t’incur a general mock, Run from her guardage to the sooty bosom Of such a thing as thou†Brabanzio: Act 1 Scene 3. Othello’s race is an issue for Iago and Brabanzio but, as an audience, we are rooting for Othello, Shakespeare’s celebration of Othello as a black man is ahead of its time, the play encourages the audience to side with him and take against the white man who is mocking him just because of his race. Othello Theme 2: Jealousy The story of Othello is propelled by feelings of intense jealousy. All of the action and consequences that unfold are the result of jealousy. Iago is jealous of Cassio’s appointment as lieutenant over him, he also believes that Othello has had an affair with Emilia, his wife, and harbors plans for revenge on him as a result. Iago also appears to be envious of Othello’s standing in Venetian society; despite his race, he has been celebrated and accepted in society. Desdemona’s acceptance of Othello as a worthy husband demonstrates this and this acceptance is due to Othello’s valor as a soldier, Iago is envious of Othello’s position. Roderigo is jealous of Othello because he is in love with Desdemona. Roderigo is essential to the plot, his actions act as a catalyst in the narrative. It is Roderigo who goads Cassio into the fight which loses him his job, Roderigo attempts to kill Cassio so that Desdemona stays in Cyprus and eventually Roderigo exposes Iago. Iago convinces Othello, erroneously, that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. Othello reluctantly believes Iago but is finally convinced of his wife’s betrayal. So much so that he kills her. Jealousy leads to Othello’s degradation and ultimate downfall. Othello Theme 3: Duplicity â€Å"Certain, men should be what they seem†Othello: Act 3, Scene 3 Unfortunately for Othello, the man who he trusts in the play, Iago, is not what he seems he is scheming, duplicitous and has a deep malevolent loathing for his master. Othello is made to believe that Cassio and Desdemona are the duplicitous ones. This mistake of judgment leads to his downfall. Othello is prepared to believe Iago over his own wife because of his faith in his servant’s honesty; â€Å"This fellow’s of exceeding honesty† (Othello, Act 3 Scene 3). He doesn’t see any reason why Iago might double cross him. Iago’s treatment of Roderigo is also duplicitous, treating him as a friend or at least a comrade with a common goal, only to kill him in order to cover up his own guilt. Fortunately, Roderigo was savvier to Iago’s duplicity than he knew, hence the letters exposing him. Emilia could be accused of duplicity in exposing her own husband. However, this endears her to the audience and demonstrates her honesty in that she has discovered her husband’s wrongdoings and is so outraged that she exposes him.

Compare Article 5-109 (a) of the ( Amercian) Uniform Commercial Code Essay

Compare Article 5-109 (a) of the ( Amercian) Uniform Commercial Code with the approach under english, the full question is in - Essay Example The very relevance of a letters of credit is quintessentially based on its autonomy from the transaction that it supports. Any bank that issues a letter of credit simply cannot refuse to honour it and extend the requisite payments, once it is presented with the apt and authentic documents. This also stands to be true in a scenario when the transaction being backed by a letter of credit does not actually take place. On the one side, the letters of credit extend to the sellers the assurance of a guaranteed payment, while on the other side they safeguard the interests of the buyers by necessitating the presentation of the right documents that to a large extent ensure performance. Such documents may be the like of insurance forms, transportation documents and quality related certificates. The Autonomy Principle The underlying dogma supporting the autonomy principles associated with letters of credit is that the transaction backed by a letter of credit stands to be autonomous of the sales deed formalized by the buyer and the beneficiary. To put it simply, the two essentially contractual arrangements mentioned above are regarded as being independent of each other. In other words, the utility of a letters of credit is pragmatically solemnized by the severance of services and documents. It is this principle that is the legal ground on the basis of which banks agree to such transactions. Fraud Exception As already mentioned, a letter of credit is the legal and financial instrument, which extends to the beneficiary the security of getting the payment due to one. Yet, this bolstering of security to the beneficiary in a way dilutes the security against risk or loss to the account party. Thus, in the letters of credit, the balance of risk is tilted more in favour of the seller. Though the autonomy principle practically assures the expected commercial results in business transactions, this principle stands to be defective and inequitable when the underlying transaction is vi tiated by a fraud. Under such circumstances, the autonomy principle gets limited by the fraud exception. The US Approach In the United States, in Maurice O’Meara Co v National Park Bank, the court of law simply denied the possibility of invoking a fraud exception. The New York Court of Appeal ruled that that the primary concern of the bank should be pertaining to the veracity of the drafts and the accompanying documents, and not the associate transaction of goods. Also in New York Life Insurance Co v Hartford National Bank and Trust Co, the court ruled that the inquiry of a fraud by a bank needs to be limited to the establishment of the compliance of the documents with the letter of credit. Hence, the Uniform Commercial Code in the US allows the fraud exception only in case of a fraud in the complying documents. Besides as per Article 5-109(a) of the Uniform Commercial Code, even if a seller has committed a fraud in the complying documents, the bank is still required to honou r a letter of credit in a situation where the claim for payment has been transferred to a third party. The American approach actually safeguards the interests of the innocent third parties, by allowing for a waver of the fraud exception. The English Approach In the United Kingdom, in Harbottle v National Westminster Bank, the court stated that a buyer to avail any injunctive dishonour must establish an evident and clearly discernable case of fraud. This viewpoint laid the foundation

Why is the story called, The Yellow Wallpaper Essay

Why is the story called, The Yellow Wallpaper - Essay Example The commonality between the two stories is that both of them tell about a husband’s suffocating grip on a woman’s life. In these stories, a husband has not been presented in a direct negative light; rather a husband’s care and kindness for a wife ironically prove to be harmful for a wife. The irony lies in the fact that in a patriarchal society, no matter how much a husband tries to be caring like the narrator’s husband in Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, and kind like Mrs. Mallard’s husband in â€Å"Story of an Hour†, they are the patriarchal annihilators of the women’s freedom. In her story Gilman shows that a woman’s status in patriarchy is rather detrimental to her psychological growth, though ironically the narrator’s husband mistakes such restriction for his wife’s betterment. The narrator’s husband assumes that women were devoid of any intellectual capability. Therefore, he suggests that the protagonist refrains himself from any type intellectual and outdoor activities. In contradiction, the narrator strongly feels that participation in outdoor activities may improve her condition. The protagonist thinks that her betterment lies in something else than a restricted situation, â€Å"I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus—but John says the very worst thing I can do is think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad. So I will let it alone and talk about the house† (Gilman, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†). Gilman refers to the fact that women’s confinement within the four walls of their husbands’ house hampers their normal psychological growth. In the story, the narrator often refers to the suppressing presence of her husband in her life. At some point, referring to the seriousness of her condition she says, â€Å"If a physician of high standing, and oneâ₠¬â„¢s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression—a slight hysterical tendency—what is one to do?† (Gilman). Here Gilman refers to the patriarchal constructs of the word, â€Å"husband†. For her, â€Å"one’s own husband† or ‘husband’ is empowered with the authority of ‘a physician of high standing’ who can rule on the psychophysical condition of his wife. Gilman shows that the patriarchal term ‘husband’ is as harmful for a wife as a physician, who is ignorant of his patient’s situation, is harmful to his patient. In her story, Chopin deals with the same story of a woman’s lack of freedom in a round-about way. In contradiction to others’ expectation Mrs. Mallard senses the gush of complacent freedom hearing the news of her husband’s death. She feels sad. But concurrently she also feels the complace nce at her oncoming freedom, as the narrator describes Mrs. Mallard’s joy in the following manner: â€Å"There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name† (Chopin, â€Å"Story of an Hour†). At the news of Bentley’s death, she feels the prospect of living a life of enormous freedom and joy. But since in patriarchy a woman is not accustomed to express herself freely, she fears even to acknowledge the source of mirth and ecstasy. Though â€Å"she was striving to beat it back with her will† (Chopin, â€Å"Story of an Hour†), she fails to do so. Indeed it is her self-realization and her acknowledgement that the death of her husband and the prospect of living a free life are the sources of her ecstasies. But gradually before the unexpected

Intellectual Diversity Essay Example for Free

Intellectual Diversity Essay Have you ever really stopped to think about diversity? The typical individual usually thinks of different skin colors or the different backgrounds everyone has. By definition diversity is the condition of being different. The term ‘diversity’ encompasses a broad scope. There are many realms to diversity such as economic, cultural, and gender. However a type of diversity that has been growing in buzzword in recent years, especially among the conservative communities of college campuses, is intellectual diversity. Intellectual diversity, along with ‘academic freedom’ is what activists like David Horowitz characterize as being the equal treatment of an individual, regardless of political affiliations or religious beliefs. The leftist tendencies inherent in academia are of course not a new development, though they have been better-documented as of late by conservative writers. The issue that these writers discuss is how intellectual diversity is threatened in these different environments through partisan politics as well as the liberalized environments themselves. The issue of intellectual diversity is a quandary that the government must deal with carefully. They cannot simply issue strict laws regarding the protection of intellectual diversity on campus because this does not satisfy what everyone wants and more importantly what they need. The government, as well as these conservative activists has to realize that there will always be a liberal opposition in the world. They must recognize that although it is completely just to fight for equal treatment and opportunity for people with different views, it is not ok to shield these people from the opposing liberal perspectives completely because that limits the individual to not be able to explore the different ideas in the world and learn to embrace the opposition. It will ultimately limit them from being able to become a well-rounded and educated person. Conservative students are being crushed in liberal campuses and in classrooms where teachers have different views. Case after case of liberal activism and indoctrination has been publicized by conservative activists. This is because activists like David Horowitz have realized the effects of a liberal atmosphere, and biased teachers. In â€Å"Schools of Reeducation†, Frederick M. Hess touches on the topic of a young college student of Washington State, Ed Swan, a conservative Christian father of four that was flunked with the explanation that he â€Å"revealed opinions that have caused me great concern in the areas of race, gender, sexual orientation and privilege.† In David Horowitz’s â€Å"In Defense of Intellectual Diversity† students from the University of Denver and Duke are described as having to deal with seeing partisan propaganda posted on doors and hallways as well as joking warnings from teachers that say that any Republicans should drop his course because of his strong â€Å"liberal† opinions. Because of these and many other displays of liberal dominance in college campuses, conservatives are starting to take a stand, Mr. Horowitz for example wrote the â€Å"Academic Bill of Rights†. The way conservatives are placed in such hostile environments is not fair, just, or virtuous, it is impartial and nonpartisan. The government must be extremely scrupulous in the ways they deal with intellectual diversity and the laws they implement because it could have negative impacts on the professors and administrators of colleges and universities. In â€Å"The Right to Tell the Truth†, Ann Marie B. Bahr retells her story of a terrible experience she had undergone when teaching courses on world religions at South Dakota State University. Students inspired by David Horowitz’s â€Å"Academic Bill of Rights† literally induced the poor teacher to fear her job. She felt that they forbade her to express an informed professional opinion. Bahr, a women completely qualified to teach the course was unable to, because if she ever said anything that her students didn’t agree with they simply dropped the course. I don’t believe David Horowitz would support such behavior arousing from his bill, but this is why the government must be extremely careful, prudent, and meticulous when dea ling with such a delicate issue as intellectual diversity. Where is the justice in scaring teachers to falsify the truth? Or sacrifice their right to have and informed professional opinion, there is none. Conservative students must not be shielded from the liberal opposition because it debilitates them from learning how to deal with it; it won’t broaden their minds to new ideas and instead will hold them back from becoming the educated, well rounded, less biased individuals that they have the potential to become. The population that Mr. Horowitz’s â€Å"Academic Bill of Rights† is directed towards is the unfortunate conservative students who are put at a disadvantage due to the ‘hostile environments’ where liberal propaganda roams free and biased liberal teachers treat them unfairly. But the thing is that these students many times don’t break down and crumble at the feet of this liberal monster, but instead grow from the experience. The students come out stronger in the end after going through such a hard experience. They are able to become strong minded, and intellectually powerful. No college student should ever be put in an unfair situation where they are scared to think and say what they want due to their surrounding environment, or are not able to attain the same grade as a colleague because of their personal beliefs; but they also shouldn’t be protected like a mommy with her baby because in the real world there will be those strong minded liberals that you will have to face and converse with, and they need to have already experienced liberal feedback in their lives in order to be able to respond back effectively. Again the government must be careful not to just create strict laws that protect intellectual diversity. The level of intensity of these laws must be restricted in order to allow the conservative individual to still grow as a human being. As in many controversial arguments both sides of intellectual diversity bring up valid points. The side for intellectual diversity argues that we all have the right to have different political, religious, and social views, but regardless of what they are still be treated equally. The side against intellectual diversity argues that if the government enacted strict laws to enforce it, this would lead to negative impacts on professors and administrators of college campuses as well as debilitating students from experiencing real world conflicts and learning from them. The truth is that both sides of the argument are correct and there is sufficient evidence to prove both points. We the people must not allow one side to emerge from this conflict victorious, because this will leave the other side out to suffer the storm. Instead we must compromise between the opposing views and find a way to work in concert in order to find a solution that benefits both sides equally. There are many realms of diversity however the one that always seems to be the most controversial, and difficult to solve, is by far intellectual diversity. The fight over whether intellectual diversity should be enforced by the government is not a new one. This is an ongoing conflict that recently has spurred heated debate, now the time has come to solve this problem. It is the single most important responsibility of the government to protect the people, therefore the government not only has the right to create laws on this issue but it is its obligation. However the government must recognize that there are indeed two sides, and it must not show sympathy for either one but instead compromise between the two to find a middle ground that will satisfy both sides. The solution therefore lies in reconciliation. The government must enact a law that protects the intellectual diversity of students however this must be done in a scrupulous manner so it does not have a negative effect on college professors and administrators; perhaps even creating a law that protects this population as well if necessary. The government must also limit the intensity of the law; students must not be completely shielded from opposing views, for that would be a disservice to the students, whose growth as person would be limited from a strict law. As best put by Harvey Mackey, â€Å"Nobody said it would be easy, they just promised it would be worth it.†

Imagine you have been asked to direct J.B. Priestley’s “An Inspector :: Drama

Imagine you have been asked to direct J.B. Priestley’s â€Å"An Inspector Calls† what Instructions would you give to the actor playing the part of Mr Arthur Birling At the opening of the play, Priestley presents a typical Edwardian middle class business family. The arrogance and pomposity of the Birlings is clear immediately as Priestley remarks, â€Å"they are all feeling rather pleased with themselves.† As the audience are introduced to the play the Birlings are celebrating the engagement of Sheila Birling and Gerald Croft. Mr Birling is a successful businessman who has been active in local politics and has had the honour of being Lord Mayor. He is a magistrate and has hopes of being given a knighthood which will make him socially closer to Sir George and Lady Croft, the parents of his future son in law, Gerald Croft. Mr Birling is self confident, but his more humble upbringing makes him â€Å"social outcast† and he enters the group of â€Å"noveau riche† the new rich. The way he speaks shows him up; he is not a highly intellectual man of upper-class grace, but a man who still speaks with limited interests and narrow-minded views. Mr Birling is the man of the house, and in the setting of the play, 1912, it was a patriarchal society, where men had more power and were considered more important than women, as even Mrs Birling accepts, â€Å"when your married you’ll realise that men with important work to do sometimes have to spend nearly all their time and energy on their business.† Mr Birling is a bully, he rules by intimidation and self importance. Mr Birling will be dressed appropriately for his daughter’s engagement, wearing an expensive tailor-made suit with tie, or a dinner jacket with bow tie. Mr Birling represents the older generation, where he cannot accept responsibility for mistakes he has done. It is a huge failing in him, and ends up in attempting to cover himself up. His weakness makes him appear desperate and foolish, and gives the Inspector the advantage of having Mr Birling cornered, â€Å"Look Inspector-I’d give thousands-yes, thousands-.â€Å" The Inspector has broken him, he has the call of the questions. The opening of the curtains starts with ironically with Mr Birling speaking in his very loud abrasive manor, â€Å"Giving us the port, Edna? That’s right. You ought to like this port, Gerald. As a matter of fact, Finchley told me it’s exactly the same port your father gets from him.† The atmosphere on stage at this point in the play, is very cheerful and light spirited, they are all celebrating the engagement of Gerald and Sheila, a very serene and joyous occasion.

Theme of Feminism in The Women Who Walked into Doors

The Women Who Walked Into Doors The Feminist lens allows us to view a piece of literature from a different perspective. It applies the perspective of feminism to a certain piece of literature. There are a large number of feminism literary theories and all with a different angle of viewing the literature. Some theories look at the way words and symbols in the book are gendered. Other theories show the difference of writing between male and female authors.Many theories also focus on stereotypes and inequalities of women's ights and how they are symbolized in a book. Basically the feminist lens helps you analyze a book based on the philosophies and views of modern day feminism the any piece of literature. The Women Who Walked into Doors is a book about a woman named Paula and her struggle against her abusive husband that spent the 17 years of their marriage beating and abusing her. I am pretty sure that everyone who has read this book agrees that it is really a feminist novel with Roddy Doyle, the author, really trying to explore the life a woman's mind under abuse.The first signs of feminism come early in the book. Paula seems to be attracted to a guy named Charlo Spencer who is considered to be a â€Å"ride†, a term used to define an attracting looking person. We see the idea that women are into â€Å"bad boys† demonstrated by Paula when she falls for Charlo. She states how he looks sexy with his cigarette, a leather jacket, and blue denim Jeans. This was a typical description of a â€Å"bad boy' in the 90's. She also stated that he had a criminal record as if it were a good thing and rather attractive.As the novel progresses a lot of feminist theories are presented such as the audacity is young women in the 90's and even in current times. Paula is a risk taker and likes to explore around and not really afraid of consequences. This again touches on the feminist theory that women tend to be irrational decision makers in their late teenage hood. A p erfect example from the book is when Paula ignored her father's view on Charlo when he made it obvious he hated Charlo and said he is a criminal.However later in the novel as she grows older she realizes her father was right and only trying to protect her. This again supports the idea that during a stage of their life, women tend to make stupid decisions that they will regret later on in life. After Paula gets married to Charlo and the abuse and beatings start Roddy Doyle really starts to push some strong feminist theories through. One of the most important being the reliance that a woman has towards a man and really takes this idea to its peaks.This is portrayed by Paula throughout most of the novel, even though Charlo beats, rapes, and abuses her she still says she loves him and she can't leave him. For the sake of her own safety and well being she was not willing to let go of the man who she loved yet who abused her. This is supposed to show how women are dependent on men and bei ng beat by a man is better than not having one. Finally he most important theory being presented I believe is the imbalance of power between men and women and the breaking point ot a woman's tolerance towards abusive behavior.Throughout their marriage Paula has been powerless by not being able to make any choices or have any say in how things are done, because if she were to speak up she would likely get beaten by Charlo. This shows the imbalance in power and inequality in women's rights in the 90's when this book was written. Also even if Paula wanted to leave Charlo she did not have the power to on her own. However the idea presented is that women behave only like this is the problem is etween husband and wife, in the novel, when Charlo looks at Nicola, his oldest daughter, in a dirty way as if he wants to harm her is when Paula's breaking point is reached.She takes a frying pan and beats him down in the kitchen then kicks him out of the house for good. This brings us to the idea that when women's will not stand up for themselves but when their children are targeted they do the unthinkable to protect them. The fact that this book was written by a male author is really impressive for how he constructed the book from a females perspective and make it so effective in sending its messages and impacting on the reader.

Natural Beauty of Pakistan Essay

Natural beauty is un matched. Pakistan have world most beautiful places for visit, specially at its best in northern areas of Pakistan and Kashmir region. This part of the country is famous all around the world because of sky high mountains, lush green valleys, mighty rivers, beautiful lakes, and amazing wildlife. The Pradise on Earth ‘Neelum Valley’ Mini Switzerland ‘Swat Valley’ and Mountain Kingdom ‘Hunza valley’ are the major tourist attractions in Pakistan. All these places are real natural beauty of the world. Here, below is a list of top 10 Best Natural Places to Visit in Pakistan. The naturally beautiful places of Pakistan, you will not found these beautiful places all over the world. Top 10 Best Natural Places to Visit in Pakistan 1. Neelum Valley Neelam Valley is a 144 km long bow-shaped valley in Azad Kashmir Region. The Valley is situated at the North & North-East of Muzaffarabad (The Capital of Azad Kashmir). Running through the Lesser Himalaya, the Neelam River valley has excellent scenic beauty, panoramic views, towering hills on both sides of the noisy Neelum river, lush green forests, enchanting streams and attractive surroundings make the valley a dream come true. Neelum valley is one of most attractive place for tourists due to its famous lush greenery, springs, streams,lakes and hilly and sloppy mountains. Some of its famous places like Athmuqam, Kutton Jagran, Karen, Neelum, Ratti Galli, Baboon, Noori top, Sharda, Sharda Fort, Sharda University (The Oldest University of Sub-Continent) Kel, Surgon, Halmet, Taobut and many more. 2. Hunza Valley The Hunza Valley is a mountainous valley in the Gilgit–Baltistan region , It was formerly a princely state. The Hunza valley is situated north/west of the Hunza River, at an elevation of around 2,500 metres. The Valley has three Regions – Upper Hunza (Gojal); Center Hunza and Lower Hunza. Hunza valley is the most beautiful place to visit and have many places to see. Some of these beautiful places are. Rakaposhi Base Camp; Diran Base Camp; Hoper Glacier; Passue and Gulmit; Khunjrab Pass; Atta Abad lake and Nagar valley. 3. Swat Valley Swat is a valley and an administrative district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. It is the upper valley of the Swat River, which rises in the Hindu Kush range. Swat Valley, Mini Switzerland of Pakistan has many attraction for visiting such as Mahodand Valley & Lake, Natural Ushu Valley & Ushu Forest, Malam Jabba (Famous ski resort in Swat Valley), Madyan, Swat & Kalam Vallies, Bonir, Der and many other naturaly beautiful sites. 4. Kalash Valley Kalash Valley is one of the major tourist attractions in Pakistan. This is situated in the Chitral district of Pakistan. This valley has a historic background but its history has controversies. Kelash is actually a very old Greek civilization. The people belonging to this civilization are called ‘The Kelash’. Belongs to old tribes and have their own religion and culture. This valley has a unique and amazing culture. The People here live in small villages which they built on the hill sides. These villages are at the banks of the streams and rivers. People construct their homes with rough shaped logs. People of Kalash are cheerful, they celebrates many festivals like Uchal Festival, Phoo Festival and Chomos Festival. There are many attractive sites for visiting. 5. Kaghan Valley The Kaghan Valley is a beautiful valley in the north-east of Mansehra District . It attracts many tourists from not only Pakistan but also from the whole world. Laying in lower Himalayan mountains range, the Kaghan  valley, famous for its bewitching splendor and natural beauty, is one of the most charming tourist resorts in scenic Hazara division. There are many beautiful and attractive spots like Shogran, Jared, Naran,Lake Saiful Muluk, Lake Dudipat Sar, Lake Lulu Sar, Babusar Pass and much more to do. 6. Murree Hills This is a summer hill station, summer resort and is sitated in Murree, the subdivision of Rawalpindi District. Murree was the summer capital of the British Raj in the Punjab Province. People from all over the Pakistan wish to go there in summer to enjoy its beauty and in winter season for astonishing experience of snowfall. Bhurban and New Murree (Patriata) are a main tourist center. One of the most favorite tourist point of Murree is Galliat, it has fascinating greenery and scenic beauty that attracts tourist belonging different regions of Asia. Most Popular Picnic Points of Murree Hills are Dunga Gali , Muskpuri Hill , Nathia Gali, Bara Gali and Mall Road. 7. Shandur Pas Shandur – The Highest Polo Ground on Earth, is about 3738 meter an above sea level and lies midway between Chitral and Gilgit. Each summer a hug event called the Shandur polo festival is organized here, which is a big source of attraction for the tourists. Different come against each other in this freestyle contest. The pass is generally unpopulated and passing through its snow covered slopes in winters is an exceptionally difficult adventure. The polo ground is about 168 Km from the main town Chitral and accessible by jeep. The road is closed during winter due to heavy snow. 8. Rawalakot Rawalakot is a town in Azad Kashmir, and is the district headquarter of Poonch Division. It is in a beautiful valley surrounded by hills, which is located 80 km away from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Rawalakot is a summer visiting point The winters in Rawalakot are cold and chilly. There are many attraction for visitors like Banjosa; Toli Pir; Poonch River; Tatta Pani;  Banjosoa Lake; Sudhngalli and many more. 9. Ziarat Ziarat is the capital of Ziarat District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Ziarat is a famous holiday resort of Balochistan and nearly every trip from Karachi to Quetta stops at Ziarat. Ziarat was the summer residence of the chief commissioner of Baluchistan, and sanatorium for the European troops at Quetta. There is a good water supply, and the hills around are well-wooded and picturesque. A visit to Quetta is incomplete without a trip to Ziarat. Ziarat is a hill station in the Sibi district of the province of Baluchistan. It remains quite cool during summer and receives enough snowfall during the winter. 10. Jehlum Valley This is an ideal valley of Azad Kshmir region for both the domestic and international tourists. The curling river Jhelum passes through from East to West between the high green mountains of this valley. This valley has a most beautiful valley â€Å"Leepa Valley† . This is the most fascinating & loveliest valley in Azad Kashmir. Its lush green rice fields in summer and typical wooden Kashmiri houses present a wonderful view to the people visiting the area. Walnut, Apple, Cherry and honey of Leepa are very popular and in great demand. There are many visiting sites like Peerchanasi, Chikar, Chinary, Leepa, Chakothi, Ghari Dopatta, Chokothi Cham-fall and Zilzaal Lake.

Blissful Quotes About Love

Blissful Quotes About Love Have you ever noticed that when you are in love, you always go around with a smile on your face? Indeed, love brings immense happiness to the lives of those who are experiencing it. The following happy love quotes talk about the bliss that those in love experience. Jennifer Aniston True love brings up everything - youre allowing a mirror to be held up to you daily. John Sheffield Tis the most tender part of love, each other to forgive. Nora Roberts Love and magic have a great deal in common. They enrich the soul, delight the heart. And they both take practice. Teilhard de Chardin The day will come when, after harnessing the winds, the tides and gravitation, we shall harness for God the energies of love. And on that day, for the second time in the history of the world, man will have discovered fire. Erica Jong Love is everything it is cracked up to be. Thats why people are so cynical about it... It really is worth fighting for, being brave for, risking everything for. And the trouble is, if you dont risk anything, you risk even more. Helen Keller The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched; they must be felt with the heart. George Elliot I like not only to be loved, but to be told that I am loved. Leo Buscaglia The life and love we create is the life and love we live. Barbara De Angelis Love is a choice you make from moment to moment. Joseph Conrad Woe to the man whose heart has not learned while young to hope, to love - and to put its trust in life. Michael Dorrius Love transforms; it simultaneously makes us larger and limits our possibilities. It changes our history even as it breaks a new path through the present. Saint Jerome The face is the mirror of the mind, and eyes without speaking confess the secrets of the heart. Karr Love is the only passion which includes in its dreams the happiness of someone else. T. S. Eliot Love is most nearly itself when here and now cease to matter.

The French Expression Jarrive

The French Expression 'Jarrive' The French expression jarrive means Im on my way to wherever the listener might be (downstairs in the lobby, outside the building, at home, etc). Surprisingly, it can also mean Ill be right back, when youre already with someone and need to leave for a moment. In other words, it can be used whether or not youre actually face to face with the person youre talking to: both Im on my way there and Im on my way (back) here. Expression: JarrivePronunciation: [zha reev]Meaning: Im on my way, Ill be right there / down / out / backLiteral translation: Im arrivingRegister: normal Examples (Au tà ©là ©phone)- Salut Christophe, je suis devant limmeuble.- Daccord Hà ©là ¨ne, jarrive.(On the phone)- Hi Christophe, Im in front of the (your) building.- OK Hà ©là ¨ne, Im on my way, Ill be right out.(A linterphone)- Bonjour, cest le facteur. Jai un colis pour vous.- Merci, Monsieur, jarrive.(On the apartment entry phone)- Hello, its the mailman. I have a package for you.- Thank you, sir, Ill be right there/down.Houp, jai oublià © mon portefeuille - jarrive.Oops, I forgot my wallet - Ill be right back.A classic: you catch the waiters eye as he rushes past your table, and without slowing down, he says jarrive. While less common, its also possible to use other subjects, such asIl arrive - Hell be right here/there, Hes on his way.On arrive - Well be right there, Were on our way.

Practice and Ethics of Intelligence-Led Policing Essay

Practice and Ethics of Intelligence-Led Policing - Essay Example The essay "Practice and Ethics of Intelligence-Led Policing" talks about the intelligence-led policing, a crime reduction strategy supported by law that is based on a combination of crime analysis and the criminal intelligence. The origin of the concept of intelligence-led policing was in the United Kingdom (UK). The basis of the concept was to target offenders since in general it was found that more attention was given to crime determination rather than targeting the offenders who commit those crimes. Thus the concept was more oriented to the problems leading to the criminal activities. Making use of intelligence in crime analysis has the ability to utilize the available resources in strategically targeting offenders and try to prevent crime. However, the ethical considerations of this policy are equally significant. The present study focuses on the practice and ethics of intelligence-led policing and determines whether this policy should be the future of law enforcement. Intelligen ce, as can be associated with the analyses of crimes, can be referred to the availability of information that is analyzed as well. Thus raw information that is collected does not represent intelligence. Intelligence is when the data is assessed and analyzed and used for the purpose of crime detection, prevention, and reduction. Intelligence can be either tactical or strategic. Tactical intelligence enables the accomplishment of particular inquiries. Strategic intelligence focuses on the broader insights of the crime investigation.... Strategic intelligence on the other hand, focuses on the broader insights of the crime investigation and thus takes into consideration the entire plan and manpower involved in the process. While tactical measures are meant for immediate actions, strategic intelligence is considered and planned over a significant period of time producing effective solutions to crime related problems (Intelligence-Led Policing: The New Intelligence Architecture, 2005, p.3). The primary need for intelligence arises in making effective decisions, planning of measures, strategically targeting the offenders and thus preventing and reducing the crimes and their effects. Collection of information, processing them and using the power of analyzed intelligence are required and prove to be significantly useful in most of the agencies working under the law enforcement power. The need for intelligence based crime detection and prevention became more significant after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack in the United States (US). Thus, now, the large amounts of data being collected and processed prove to be an effective measure in order to analyze the crimes. The different forms of collection of information involve physical surveillance that may be either conducted by an individual or through videotaping, electronic surveillance that can be conducted through trapping or tracing of information, use of secret informers, operators who remain undercover, reports from newspapers or other sources of media, as well as public records (Intelligence-Led Policing: The New Intelligence Architecture, 2005, pp.3-6). Intelligence-Led Policing: The Origin and the Process: Although some of the law enforcement agencies might assert that they have been using the intelligence-led